Free Essays on GIMPEL, NAIVE AND KIND

Gimpel, Kind and Naive â€Å"I don’t consider myself a nitwit. Despite what might be expected. In any case, that’s what people call me.† Gimpel, the fundamental character in â€Å"Gimpel the Fool† composed by Isaac Bashevis Singer, portrays the story with exact genuineness. Gimpel depicts an absurd man whom for a mind-blowing duration, the individuals who encompass him, disparage and hoodwink him. Data got by what he says and does, likewise by what others state about him, decide Gimpel’s character and character. Gimpel is a static character of a tale about a man more shrewd and kinder than the individuals who mislead and mock him. The seven names given to Gimpel as a kid by his cohorts include: â€Å"Imbecile, jackass, flax-head, dope, glump, ninny, and fool.† In truth Gimpel in spite of idiot, depicts just naivety and goodness. Gimpel’s goodness shows when his colleagues, â€Å"Stuffed [his] hands with goat turds† rather â€Å"of the raisins they give when a woman’s lying in,† and he sits idle. Gimpel knows this entire time about the quality he needs to slap somebody â€Å"he’d see Cracow.† Instead he praises his way of thinking by expressing, â€Å"Let it pass.† The individuals of Frampol, the main town Gimpel’s known, disparages and ridicules him all through his pre-adulthood. Gimpel decides to release everything without a word being said so circumstances don't decline with remarks, for example, â€Å"If I at any point set out to state ‘Ah, you’re kidding!’ there was inconvenience. Individuals got angry.† A hoodwinked Gimpel weds Elka, a wanton lady who all through their twenty years of marriage never regards him as an individual. Elka goes behind Gimpel's back with a few men. She brings forth six youngsters, none of which Gimpel fathered. By and by, Gimpel cherishes the kids with adoration a natural dad can just give. Gimpel knows reality the entire time, yet he despite everything cherishes Elka aimlessly. Gimpel’s character of a sort man who firmly puts stock in God and his direction shows when he looks for the Rabbi for... Free Essays on GIMPEL, NAIVE AND KIND Free Essays on GIMPEL, NAIVE AND KIND Gimpel, Kind and Naive â€Å"I don’t consider myself a numb-skull. In actuality. In any case, that’s what people call me.† Gimpel, the principle character in â€Å"Gimpel the Fool† composed by Isaac Bashevis Singer, portrays the story with exact genuineness. Gimpel depicts a silly man whom for a mind-blowing duration, the individuals who encompass him, scorn and mislead him. Data acquired by what he says and does, likewise by what others state about him, decide Gimpel’s character and character. Gimpel is a static character of a tale about a man more astute and kinder than the individuals who beguile and mock him. The seven names given to Gimpel as a kid by his schoolmates include: â€Å"Imbecile, jackass, flax-head, dope, glump, ninny, and fool.† In truth Gimpel in spite of simpleton, depicts just naivety and goodness. Gimpel’s goodness shows when his cohorts, â€Å"Stuffed [his] hands with goat turds† rather â€Å"of the raisins they give when a woman’s lying in,† and he sits idle. Gimpel knows this entire time about the quality he needs to slap somebody â€Å"he’d see Cracow.† Instead he respects his way of thinking by expressing, â€Å"Let it pass.† The individuals of Frampol, the main town Gimpel’s known, disparages and taunts him all through his immaturity. Gimpel decides to release everything without a word being said so circumstances don't compound with remarks, for example, â€Å"If I at any point set out to state ‘Ah, you’re kidding!’ there was inconvenience. Individuals got angry.† A bamboozled Gimpel weds Elka, a wanton lady who all through their twenty years of marriage never regards him as an individual. Elka goes behind Gimpel's back with a few men. She brings forth six kids, none of which Gimpel fathered. All things considered, Gimpel cherishes the kids with affection an organic dad can just give. Gimpel knows reality the entire time, yet he despite everything cherishes Elka indiscriminately. Gimpel’s character of a sort man who emphatically has confidence in God and his direction shows when he looks for the Rabbi for...

Paper Products Corporation Essays - Marketing, Office Equipment

Paper Products Corporation Mary Miller is the promoting chief for Paper Products Corporation and she has to choose whether she ought to permit her biggest client to get some of Paper Products' document envelopes and market them under their own name (Natcom Inc.) as opposed to the FILEX brand utilized by Paper Products. Mary is worried about the possibility that that in the event that she doesn't acknowledge the offer, the client will discover another document organizer maker. Mary extremely just has two choices; acknowledge the proposal from Natcom or reject the offer from Natcom. There is a sure level of hazard associated with either alternative and she needs to choose which choice is the most secure for Paper Products Corporation. In the event that Paper Products denies the offer they are setting themselves in a place to potentially lose 30 percent of their business, roughly 12 million dollars for every year. Regardless of whether Natcom proceeded buying their different supplies from Paper Products, and just quit buying document envelopes, the business would lose roughly 4.2 million dollars for each year. In the event that Mary chose to take the proposal from Natcom, and permit them to sell Paper Items' document envelopes with their name, she would be conflicting with organization approach and it would not be anything but difficult to change this arrangement. It would be exceptionally simple for Paper Products to accommodateNatcom's offer since they have abundance limit. In the event that they turn down the business, Natcom could go to another maker and cut into Paper Products' deals at Natcom stores. Another advantage of this offer is that Paper Products would not need to spend any showcasing dollars to secure this new business. Natcom came to them with this offer and it didn't cost Mary Miller, or Paper Products anything. As indicated by the showcasing idea, Mary ought to acknowledge the proposal from Natcom. As advertising supervisor, Mary ought to recognize what the client needs, and make Paper Items Inc. the best organization at fulfilling those requirements for a benefit. For this situation the client is Natcom and they clearly need to showcase a line of record envelopes with their name joined. This need ought to be obvious to Mary since her client has now moved toward her multiple times with this solicitation. Mary will require her master advertising aptitudes at the point when she attempts to offer this plan to Bob Butcher, Paper Products president. Mr. Butcher is basically inspired by the advancement of new items however he will in all likelihood be inspired by this proposition since it manages his organizations' greatest client. There will must be an arrangement change for Paper Products Inc. concerning the corporate arrangement of rejecting seller marking demands. Paper Products executed this approach since they needed the achievement of their items to rely upon the quality instead of only a low cost, be that as it may, just 40 percent of their document envelope items are in a specific line while the other 60 percent are generally homogeneous shopping items. The achievement of the homogeneous document organizers will be reliant on the cost instead of the quality, in this manner this strategy contingent upon quality as opposed to low value should be modified. Mary ought to likewise approach Mr. Butcher about utilizing some a greater amount of the organization's accessible cash for the advancement of their current brands. Paper Products needs to haul a portion of their cash out of new-item advancement and endeavor to accomplish some market entrance. Despite the fact that 60 percent of the present market sounds engaging, they might have the option to get some of the staying 40 percent with some great advancements and market entrance.

Katherine McGehee, MIA 15, reflects on ASD 2015 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Katherine McGehee, MIA ’15, reflects on ASD 2015 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Today, were sharing a blog post from our PA, Katherine McGehee, MIA 15. She was one of our volunteers at this weeks open house, Admitted Students Day 2015. She served on the student panel, assisted students with registration, and chatted it up with newly-admitted students at the evening reception.  Always on top of things, Katherine wanted to share her personal experiences from ASD, and how they compared to the decision many of our newly-admitted students are making right now. Heres what she had to say: Photo courtesy of Katherine McGehee, MIA ’15, during her first day at SIPA in 2013. Thanks to everyone who came out to Admitted Students Day yesterday on April 7th, 2015! It was such a pleasure meeting the potential class of 2017! As a student volunteer for SIPA’s open house event, I couldn’t help but think back to April 2013 when I was in your shoes and attending SIPA’s Admitted Students Day. While I was very excited to tour the campus, meet with other admitted students, and learn more about the program, I wasn’t sure about whether or not I would accept the offer. The day seemed to go by so quickly…presentations on concentrations and specializations, overviews of programs, and panels on student life all felt back to back. The possibilities at SIPA seemed endless, but also felt a little overwhelming. Would I be able to find a focus here? Could I keep up with the quantitative curriculum’s demands? Was this the right place for me? I found some answers to these questions when I spoke with current students. During informal discussions with them, I was hooked. Even though the conversations were brief, it was clear to me that SIPA was a place of opportunity. The students that I met were all in interesting careers before attending Columbiasome already working in international affairs, while others came to SIPA for a complete career changebut when they talked about life at school and their plans following SIPA, it was apparent that SIPA had been a launching pad and a place that brought each of these students to the next level, both personally and professionally. I see this among my peers here at SIPA today. In fact, I overheard similar discussions to the ones that I had in April 2013 between current students and admitted students on Tuesday. Many admitted students are considering multiple schools and I heard this repeat question throughout the evening mingling event: “Why SIPA?” Two very simple words, but it’s probably one of the most important questions to ask as you make your final decision on which school to attend. Current student responses varied with answers ranging from “We have excellent professors and you’ll have access to leading practitioners” to “You’ll have a unique opportunity to learn both theory and practice in New York City!” No matter the principal reasons, nearly all of the conversations I listened to on Tuesday featured current students explaining that they would not be where they are today without SIPA. University Professor Joseph Stiglitz speaking at the ASD 2015 lunch. In my personal experience, I can attest to this being 100 percent true. Through SIPA, I’ve worked on labor rights issues in Latin America (and even completed field travel to the Dominican Republic to conduct this research); helped develop a for-profit social enterprise business model in Kenya through the Dean’s Public Policy Challenge; traveled to Paris as a student representative for a SIPA CGEG conference where Nobel Prize Laureate Joseph Stiglitz was the keynote speaker; sat in on lectures by Stephen Sestanovich, Richard Betts, Michael Doyle, Robert Jervis, Jeffrey Sachs, Rashid Khalidi, Dipali Mukhopadhyay, Jagdish Bhagwati, Alfred Stepan, Yasmine Ergas, Mahmood Mamdaniand Charles Calomiris through my Conceptual Foundations course; gained quantitative and project-management skills; taken courses at other Columbia University graduate schools; and I’ve made incredible friendships. I’ve also secured a job after graduation in public-sector consulting through significant suppo rt from SIPA’s alumni network and professional guidance from career services. I’ve accomplished a lot, and looking back, it would be untrue to say that Admitted Students’ Day gave me solid answers every question I asked of students two years ago.  Would I be able to find a focus here? Could I keep up with the quantitative curriculum’s demands?  I carried these concerns, among others, with me as I stepped into the International Affairs Building for Orientation, and again on my first day of class. However, Admitted Students’ Day really helped me see myself as a student here at SIPA and helped me realize that SIPA is the right place for me! (And my experiences really prove that.) For those of you that were unable to attend Admitted Students’ Day 2015, I encourage you to look at student perspectives to give you a sense of what student life is like here. For more student experiences, check out SIPA Stories. I’m very happy that I chose to attend SIPA and hope to see you here! *** Dont forget to  respond to your enrollment offer by April 15, 2015 (for SIPA scholarship recipients) or May 1, 2015 (for all other students).

Friendship in Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett Essay

Friendship is best served when it is shared by individuals who have defined themselves. Throughout â€Å"Waiting for Godot,† this notion is explored by demonstrating the problems friends experience when they define one another, look to each other for self-definition, have unfair expectations of one another, become self-centered, and maintain friendship out of need, a need to be needed, or habit. Through this exploration, the reader finds that the possibility of ending up in a stagnant relationship as a result of these problems can be simply reconciled. Friendship is best enjoyed between friends who have defined themselves and enter into the given relationship as an outlet for mutual understanding and support, thus stifling the human tendency†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, sometimes when others have made the effort to define themselves to us, we do not care to listen because we have already defined them in our minds. This error is made by Pozzo in Act 1: â€Å"What is your name?† he asks Estragon, to which Estragon replies, â€Å"Adam† (25). Pozzo does not listen, and instead spouts off a monologue about the sky. Such a mistake prevents their understanding of one another. When one person defines another and ignores the other’s own feelings, a gap in understanding results, which prevents much more than a surface connection between people to be made. Other times, people seek self-definition from others, only to hear what one wants. Such a scenario is played out in Act 1: Pozzo: â€Å"How do you find me? Good? Fair? Middling? Poor? Positively bad?† Vladmir: â€Å"Oh very good, very very good.† Pozzo (to Estragon): â€Å"And you, sir?† Estragon: â€Å"Oh tray bong, tray tray tray bong.† Pozzo: â€Å"Bless you, gentlemen, bless you! I have such need of encouragement...†(26). While Pozzo acquires the encouragement he needs from Vladmir’s statement, he asks directly for Estragon’s opinion--and perceives his incoherent reply to be a compliment. This miscommunication demonstrates both self-centeredness and a disregard for the true opinions of others; as long as Pozzo can convince himself that though others think well ofShow MoreRelatedWaiting for Godot and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead: The Theatre of the Absurd803 Words   |  4 Pagesplays Waiting for Godot written by Samuel Beckett and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead written by Tom Stoppard both incorporate human needs and concerns within their context through its whimsical and comedic dialogues. Both plays belong in the category of the theatre of the absurd, where the existentialist philosophy underlies all aspects of the plays. The central characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern from Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead share a deep friendship, this same friendship canRead MoreSamuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot1501 Words   |  7 PagesSamuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot is a theater of absurd which pictures the world that has lost its meaning due to the absence of God and features two protagonists who are incapable of acting upon themselves and who are heavily dependent on a mystical figure named Godot. Given that Beckett is profoundly influenced by existentialism -- a philosophical study in which an individual is required to act upon oneself rather than passively relying on religion -- the audience may find a non-existential aspectRead MoreSamuel Beckett : Theatre Of The Absurd And Beckett s Use Of The Literary Concept1071 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel Beckett: Theatre of the Absurd and Beckett’s Use of the Literary Concept Samuel Beckett’s works revolve around human despair and surviving in hopeless situations. His very first critical essay was Finnegans Wake. Much of his work is inspired by French philosophers. One of the most influential philosophers on Beckett was Descartes. Samuel Beckett gained his claim to fame in the writing community when he introduced the concept of absurdity, nihilism, and human despair to find the meaning ofRead MoreMans Search for Meaning in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot1155 Words   |  5 Pages Beckett was interested in putting everyday banality onto the stage in an experimentation of what theatre is. He attempts to provide a truer interpretation of ‘real life’ than that often depicted in previous theatre, which may typically contain excitement, exaggeration and liveliness. He suggests that one of the major constituents of human experience is boredom, indeed the very concept of ‘Waiting for Godot’ echoes this, and Beckett implies that much of life is spent waiting Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello - Comedy And Tragedy2481 Words   |  10 PagesENG 1001: ‘Nothing is funnier than unhappiness, I grant you that. Yes, yes, it’s the most comical thing in the world’ (Samuel Beckett). Wilde, Shakespeare and Beckett incorporate two genres in their plays that nursed a strong intrigue-interest (Jones, pg 26) – comedy and tragedy. According to Aristotle in his Poetics, tragedy in a play is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude composed of plot, character, thought, diction, melody and spectacle, (Myers, pgRead More Brendan Behan’s The Quare Fellow and Samuel Beckett Essay1845 Words   |  8 PagesBrendan Behan’s The Quare Fellow and Samuel Beckett Existential works are difficult to describe because the definition of existentialism covers a wide range of ideas and influences almost to the point of ambiguity. An easy, if not basic, approach to existentialism is to view it as a culmination of attitudes from the oppressed people of industrialization, writers and philosophers during the modern literary period, and people who were personally involved as civilians, soldiers, or rebels duringRead MoreSamuel Beckett Described His Waiting for Godot as a Tragicomedy. to What Extent Is This Is an Accurate Description? Would You Say There Is More Tragedy Than Comedy or a Mixture of Both?1936 Words   |  8 PagesSamuel Beckett described his Waiting for Godot as a tragicomedy. To what extent is this is an accurate description? Would you say there is more tragedy than comedy or a mixture of both? Through the use of many linguistic, structural and comic features, Samuel Beckett’s Waiting For Godot successfully places a wayfaring line between the two genres of tragedy and comedy. With the opening showing the two main characters Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo) in a barren setting with useless props such asRead More Technology and Happiness in Civilization and Its Discontents and Waiting for Godot1202 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and Happiness in Civilization and Its Discontents and Waiting for Godot Happiness is something most humans value above everything else. The various things in life that make us happy, such as family, friends, and cool cars, to name a few, are the very things we hold dearest to us and place the most value on. People fill their lives with things that please them to ease the gloom that comes as a result of the seemingly never-ending trials and tribulations of life. We gladly acceptRead MorePostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 PagesHypertext fiction).[4][5][6] Some further argue that the beginning of postmodern literature could be marked by significant publications or literary events. For example, some mark the beginning of postmodernism with the first performance of Waiting for Godot in 1953, the first publication of Howl in 1956 or of Naked Lunch in 1959. For others the beginning is marked by moments in critical theory: Jacques Derridas Structure, Sign, and Play lecture in 1966 or as late as Ihab Hassans usage in The

Is Project Accounting Really That Important - 1217 Words

Is Project Accounting really that Important? Project accounting is a practice that is used by businesses and organizations of all sizes. During the process of completing this system, leaders use the information gathered to create, plan, manage and control projects that are being completed by the organization. The goal of project accounting is to track the progress of these projects through financial reports. This information is then used to determine if the project is on-track, staying within budget and whether the project needs adjustments to the overall plan and structure of the project. One common concern that business leaders have is that the time, effort and money that is spent utilizing project accounting is not as valuable as one†¦show more content†¦This is also a process that is able to analyze every step stage of the project. This is beneficial because it helps businesses to know that they are staying on budget and whether the project will be completed on time. Along with budget, project accounting is also a crucial process that helps to determine ROI. Without the data provided by a project accounting system, a company would never be able to determine how much income was generated from a project. Project Accounting in Real Life There is really no denying that project accounting is something that is a laborious task. However, without it, research has shown that businesses aren t nearly as successful. One prime example of this concept comes from government agencies. According to PMI research, barely half of government strategic initiatives are able to meet their original goals and intent of the projects that they are completing. One reason that this is the case is because only a third of the agencies included in this research truly understand the value of project management. For those agencies that did understand and embrace project accounting, there were notable differences in the results of their projects. The most notable organizations that were affected by project accounting were the Social Security Administration, The Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Federal Aviation Administration. Here were a few of the ways that these organizations were able to see success for their projects. Hands On Leaders This

Does She Encourage Thinness Free Essays

This essay examines the question of whether the iconic â€Å"Barbie Doll† (â€Å"Barbie†) causes young (5-8 year old) girls to desire thinness, thereby detrimentally effecting their self-image. Barbie, introduced to the children’s market in the 1950s, is a 9-inch doll created with what are widely regarded as imaginary proportions. Concern over the adverse effects of Barbie on children growing, Barbie’s figure was recently changed to reflect, among other things, a smaller bust and wider hips. We will write a custom essay sample on Does She Encourage Thinness? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, the controversy still remains: Does Barbie contribute to or even create negative body images in young girls? II. The Concerns: Barbie as Destructive Force Concerned parents and adult women who themselves were affected by the body size and shape portrayed by America’s favorite doll have expressed fear or conviction that playing with Barbie dolls may or does lead to a panoply of image-related problems in the youth who play with them. Little best examples the detrimental results of Barbie on children than the reputed decision of one adult woman to request that a plastic surgeon recreate her body and face to mirror Barbie’s. When examined closely, however, the woman – and, eventually, society – learned that Barbie, if created as a human being, would have feet too small to balance her body on, breasts too large to be supported by her tiny waist, and hips likely too narrow to bear children. Indeed, Barbie could literally never exist in reality. At core, those opposed to Barbie for image-related reasons posit that girls at particularly vulnerable ages are easily impressed upon by the doll they come to not only play with, but idealize. Those girls wish not only to do all the things Barbie does – become an astronaut or doctor – but look like her. While becoming an astronaut or doctor are attainable goals for most if not all young girls, achieving Barbie’s looks is not. Were Barbie not important, she would in fact have little if any effect over her fans. III. Why They Have Their Point Though Barbie may not be responsible for the destructive force many attribute to her, concerned parents and former Barbie fans do have their point: Women do not look like Barbie dolls. Though an ultimate compliment may be, â€Å"You’re so pretty – you look like a Barbie,† in reality Barbie paints a picture of women that does not accurately reflect nature. For children particularly, impressions are easily made at tender ages, when bodies have yet to develop and knowledge is limited. Therefore, the five- or six-year old child, who has little reason to know otherwise, will be prone to accepting Barbie’s figure and appearance as a true reflection of what she will one day become. The detrimental effects may be especially harsh on children without mothers or sisters in their lives, or children in families who perpetuate negative self-images via perpetual dieting or other behaviors. For those children – the ones who arguably need the most direction – they may â€Å"look to† Barbie for more and as a result shape their own self-images around her. IV. Anti-Barbie: A Correct Assumption Underlying the Barbie dissenter’s opinion is the assumption that Barbie’s fans are easily impressionable and that Barbie has enough power in their lives to effect self-perception. Little argument can be made as to the former assumption (few would dispute that 5-year-olds are easily manipulated); and, though there is room for doubt as to the latter proposition, popularity attests to Barbie’s frontrunner status in the children’s market. Year by year, Barbie is consistently a favorite among young girls, and over time has evolved from teen fashion model to wife to mother to career woman. Throughout all, her figure has remained unscathed, sending the perhaps subconscious message to the girls who idealize her that they, too, will look forever young and thin no matter how old they grow or how differently their bodies may be made. It is Barbie’s enduring popularity that makes her so central a figure in the lives of so many. V. Why Barbie Works Despite Her Flaws Despite criticism, Barbie may in fact little harm a young girl’s self-image. She is, after all, just a doll. Few girls are told, or even given the suggestion, that Barbie is a true reflection of women’s bodies or lives. Barbie no more accurately reflects women’s bodies than does Ken accurately reflect men’s, and she is not designed to. Barbie, rather, is a tool of escape. Children of ages five, six, and even eight and ten seldom if ever would be found focusing on Barbie’s proportions or dress size. They, rather, use her as a tool with which to engage in fantasy. Beyond this, while Barbie may be the most popular girls’ toy, she is far from the most determinative factor on a young woman’s self-image. Most girls discontinue Barbie play well before their adolescence, the time when most young women begin focusing on and comparing their bodies with others. The force of society on a girl’s self-image cannot be underplayed. To assign Barbie with greatly influencing a girl’s view of her body when she is bombarded with images of real girls in popular culture who are unnaturally thin (on television, in magazines, in film) is to assign to her more importance than she in fact has. While Barbie lives in the world of fantasy and toy, images of super-thin models and women abound in an adolescent’s very real world – in the magazines she reads and on the television programs she watches. In many instances, the superstars and celebrities she looks up to are unnaturally thin and encourage her to dislike her own body. Perhaps more importantly, a young girl’s friends and family likely have far more influence on a girl’s perception of herself than Barbie. If a girl’s mother is comfortable with her body, she will likely instill similar comfort in her daughter. If, in contrast, a girl grows up hearing her mother perpetually complain that she (the mother) is fat or otherwise inadequate, she may well internalize such thought process and apply it to herself. Peers, too, who complain that their bodies are inadequate in one form or another may cause self-doubt in a girl. VI. A Balance: Healthy Barbie Though Barbie may not have the effect on her fans that her critics assign to her, it is likely that she does have some influence over her audience. Barbie, a staple of the toy world, doubtless plays her part in society and in shaping the goals, values, and self-images of those who play with her. To some extent, Mattel, Barbie’s creator, has recognized and attempted to remedy some of the potential damage Barbie’s surreal figure may do on young girls by slightly changing her mold. Mattel, however, can do only so much, and even the doll sold today paints a false picture of what most girls will mature to look like. Short of Mattel creating a Barbie that comes in all different shapes and sizes, parents in particular can use their influence to minimize any ill-effects Barbie may potentially have. Children should be taught that bodies do not come in standard sizes, and that it is important to have a positive view of yourself no matter how you are built. For some households, this may entail limiting or completely erasing Barbie from the toy mixture. More ideal, however, would be to tell children that they are beautiful and fine, and that Barbie is what she is marketed as: Just a toy. How to cite Does She Encourage Thinness?, Papers

Kamdhenu Case free essay sample

DECISION ANALYSIS CASE STUDY Kamdhenu Case GROUP 5 Abhijeet Mahajan Amit Vijay Bishakha Majumdar Gaurav Khatri Sahil Sambyal Sakshi Makkar Vaibhav Rastogi Introduction: The Kamdhenu Dairy is a cooperative of the dairy farmers – located in Sanand, a small town in one of the western states of India. Set up with a goal to ensure a steady market and revenue for the small dairy farmers, the Kamdhenu Dairy supplies pasteurized milk to the State Government – in a fixed quantity (75000 litres/day), throughout the year. However, the production of milk has wide seasonal variations – with production of milk in winter being 250 % of that in summer. The additional milk is used for producing other milk products. The problems before the KD are as follows: 1. Finding the optimum product mix. 2. Deciding if they should continue with the loss making products – cheese and baby food. Question 1: Should Cheese be dropped from the product line ass suggested by Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Kamdhenu Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ramaswamy? Answer: After the analysis, as is clearly visible from the value of the shadow price of the Cheese, it’s both positive and large than the values of other products. Hence, we should continue with the production of cheese. Microsoft Excel 14. 0 Sensitivity Report| | | | | | Worksheet: [DA Kamdhenu. lsx]Sheet2| | | | | | Report Created: 8/26/2011 3:52:39 AM| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Variable Cells| | | | | | | Â  | Â  | Final| Reduced| Objective| Allowable| Allowable| | Cell| Name| Value| Cost| Coefficient| Increase| Decrease| | $B$18| Solution x1| 7. 5957| 0| 503| 407| 55| | $C$18| Solution x2| 0| -55| 448| 55| 1E+30| | $D$18| Solution x3| 0| -366| 544| 366| 1E+30| | $E$18| Solution x4| 0| -555| 355| 555| 1E+30| | $F$18| Solution x5| 2. 4743| 0| 910| 923| 45| | $G$18| Solution x6| 0| -165| 745| 165| 1E+30| | $H$18| Solution x7| 0| -45| 865| 45| 1E+30| | $I$18| Solution x8| 0| -277| 633| 277| 1E+30| $J$18| Solution x9| 1. 83| 0| 1833| 1E+30| 223| | $K$18| Solution x10| 0| -223| 1610| 223| 1E+30| | $L$18| Solution x11| 0| -151| 759| 151| 1E+30| | $M$18| Solution x12| 0| -278| 632| 278| 1E+30| | | | | | | | | Constraints| | | | | | | Â  | Â  | Final| Shadow| Constraint| Allowable| Allowable| | Cell| Name| Value| Price| R. H. Side| Increase| Decrease| | $N$10| Cheese Constraint Total| 1. 83| 923| 1. 83| 2. 4743| 1. 83| | $N$11| Raw Milk Procurement Total| 11. 9| 910| 11. 9| 2. 615355172| 2. 4743| | $N$12| FA Milk Govt Supply Total| 7. 5957| -407| 7. 5957| 2. 4743| 2. 615355172| | $N$6| Butter Constraint Total| 2. 951592| 0| 10| 1E+30| 7. 0048408| | $N$7| Ghee Constraint Total| 0| 0| 2. 5| 1E+30| 2. 5| | $N$8| Milk Powder Constraint Total| 3. 587735| 0| 7. 38| 1E+30| 3. 792265| | $N$9| Baby Food Constraint Total| 0| 0| 5. 36| 1E+30| 5. 36| x1| x2| x3| x4| x5| x6| x7| x8| x9| x10| x11| x12| FA Milk + Butter| FA Milk + Ghee| SMP + Butter| SMP + Ghee| WMP + Butter| WMP + Ghee| Baby Food + Butter| Baby Food + Ghee| Cheese + Butter| Cheese + Ghee| SM + Butter| SM + Ghee| Question 2: What should be the production program for the Dairy if it had no contractual obligations to supply FA Milk to the State Milk Scheme? Answer1: The production scheme for both the summer as well as the winter months can be found out from the two tables by just looking at the final values. For Summer Months (May to August) Microsoft Excel 14. 0 Sensitivity Report| | | | | | Worksheet: [DA Kamdhenu. xlsx]Sheet2| | | | | | Report Created: 8/26/2011 11:46:17 AM| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Variable Cells| | | | | | | Â  | Â  | Final| Reduced| Objective| Allowable| Allowable| | Cell| Name| Value| Cost| Coefficient| Increase| Decrease| | $B$18| Solution x1| 0| -362| 503| 362| 1E+30| $C$18| Solution x2| 0| -417| 448| 417| 1E+30| | $D$18| Solution x3| 0| -352. 0344828| 544| 352. 0344828| 1E+30| | $E$18| Solution x4| 0| -541. 0344828| 355| 541. 0344828| 1E+30| | $F$18| Solution x5| 5. 089655172| 0| 910| 1E+30| 45| | $G$18| Solution x6| 0| -165| 745| 165| 1E+30| | $H$18| Solution x7| 4. 980344828| 0| 865| 45| 106| | $I$18| Solution x8| 0| -232| 633| 232| 1E+30| | $J$18| Solution x9| 1. 83| 0| 1833| 1E+30| 223| | $K$18| Solution x10| 0| -223| 1610| 223| 1E+30| | $L$18| Solution x11| 0| -106| 759| 106| 1E+30| | $M$18| Solution x12| 0| -233| 632| 233| 1E+30| | | | | | | | Constraints| | | | | | | Â  | Â  | Final| Shadow| Constraint| Allowable| Allowable| | Cell| Name| Value| Price| R. H. Side| Increase| Decrease| | $N$10| Cheese Constraint Total| 1. 83| 968| 1. 83| 4. 980344828| 0. 379655172| | $N$11| Raw Milk Procurement Total| 11. 9| 865| 11. 9| 0. 379655172| 4. 980344828| | $N$6| Butter Constraint Total| 7. 575451034| 0| 10| 1E+30| 2. 424548966| | $N$7| Ghee Constraint Total| 0| 0| 2. 5| 1E+30| 2. 5| | $N$8| Milk Powder Constraint Total| 7. 38| 31. 03448276| 7. 38| 7. 2215| 0. 5505| | $N$9| Baby Food Constraint Total| 4. 80344828| 0| 5. 36| 1E+30| 0. 379655172| Microsoft Excel 14. 0 Sensitivity Report| | | | | | Worksheet: [DA Kamdhenu. xlsx]Sheet2 (3)| | | | | Report Created: 8/26/2011 11:47:17 AM| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Variable Cells| | | | | | | Â  | Â  | Final| Reduced| Objective| Allowable| Allowable| | Cell| Name| Value| Cost| Coefficient| Increase| Decrease| | $B$18| Solution x1| 0| -140. 5624082| 503| 140. 5624082| 1E+30| | $C$18| Solution x2| 0| -184| 448| 184| 1E+30| | $D$18| Solution x3| 0| -386. 7825206| 544| 386. 7825206| 1E+30| | $E$18| Solution x4| 0| -390. 839891| 355| 390. 7839891| 1E+30| | $F$18| Solution x5| 5. 089655172| 0| 910| 1E+30| 51. 98678414| | $G$18| Solution x6| 0| -51. 98678414| 745| 51. 98678414| 1E+30| | $H$18| Solution x7| 5. 36| 0| 865| 1E+30| 102. 2026432| | $I$18| Solution x8| 0| -102. 2026432| 633| 102. 2026432| 1E+30| | $J$18| Solution x9| 1. 83| 0| 1833| 1E+30| 118. 5653451| | $K$18| Solution x10| 0| -118. 5653451| 1610| 118. 5653451| 1E+30| | $L$18| Solution x11| 3. 172259861| 0| 759| 58. 42079208| 127| | $M$18| Solution x12| 3. 548084966| 0| 632| 127| 58. 42079208| | | | | | | | | Constraints| | | | | | Â  | Â  | Final| Shadow| Constraint| Allowable| Allowable| | Cell| Name| Value| Price| R. H. Side| Increase| Decrease| | $N$10| Cheese Constraint Total| 1. 83| 1096. 565345| 1. 83| 3. 857694581| 1. 83| | $N$11| Raw Milk Procurement Total| 19| 632| 19| 1. 268870718| 3. 548084966| | $N$6| Butter Constraint Total| 10| 186. 4904552| 10| 2. 416245862| 0. 864100959| | $N$7| Ghee Constraint Total| 1. 841456098| 0| 2. 5| 1E+30| 0. 658543902| | $N$8| Milk Powder Constraint Total| 7. 38| 113. 7839891| 7. 38| 5. 169056106| 7. 38| | $N$9| Baby Food Constraint Total| 5. 36| 103. 2026432| 5. 36| 3. 103892192| 5. 6| For Winter Months (September to April) As can be seen from the above analysis, we will supply the following products -: Winter Months – 5. 09, 4. 98 and 1. 83 units for WMP + butter, Baby Food + butter and Cheese + Butter respectively. Summer Months – WMP + Butter 5. 09, Baby food + butter 5. 38, Cheese + butter 1. 83, Standardized Milk + butter 3. 17, Standardized Milk + Ghee 3. 54 units Question3: In case you were negotiating a contract with the state, what qua ntity of FA Milk would you commit to supply? Answer: As seen by the analysis done above, the quantity of FA milk is 0. Hence, the assumption that FA Milk is the most profitable product stands invalidated. However, we have an obligation to supply to the government as the main objective of the dairy is to supply to the government. So, we will only supply the bare minimum quantity. This will never exceed the lowest value (the value for June). However, if there is no such obligation, we will not supply any milk as it is not profitable to do so. Question4: In case the dairy was planning to expand its butter churning and powder drying capacity, how much money should it invest in this expansion? Answer: The amount of money which can be spent should be less than the profit which we can make from this. Profit which can be made = shadow price * increase in capacity (till the allowable increase limit) Also, there should not be any slack i. e. excess capacity for the products. If there is already excess capacity available, we would not be expanding. Thus, the amount which can be spent for expansion of butter storage capacity = 186. 5 * 0. 864 = Rs. 161. 136 The amount which can be spent for expansion of Powder drying capacity = 113. 8 * 7. 38 = Rs. 839. 844

Eps

Eps Education" ¦although we are faced with this word on a day to day basis, the actual meaning behind it may come as a personal interpretation rather than a set definition. Education to me is the expansion of ones knowledge and the learning of the basic day-to-day skills necessary for ones survival and the further development to possessing the key steps to later attaining a success life. In this definition, my personal interpretation of the word, the important aspects of education are held more within the actual "learning"  of skills and the "preparation"  for a life to come in a general way. I feel that rather than trying to teach people to be governors or teachers or politicians, we need to concentrate more on a practical level of teaching that gives everyone the necessary basic skill levels to succeed in life and set them up to then be prepared to choose what it is that they want to be.Education vs Experience

Your Complete Guide to Seasonal Jobs and the Holiday Season at Work

Your Complete Guide to Seasonal Jobs and the Holiday Season at Work As the calendar ticks down, it can be tempting to lean into the party season, and get sucked into a cycle of relaxing, celebrating, and otherwise winding down along with the waning minutes of the year. But really, this season is one that you can use to your advantage, whether it’s making extra money as a seasonal worker, bulking up your job search readiness for the new year, or stepping up your game at work while everyone else is knocking off early for egg nog happy hours. Comprehensive Guide to Seasonal Jobs  Surviving the Holiday Season  How to Maximize Your Holiday Break  Don’t Forget to Keep Up Your Job Search Momentum  Start Your New Year’s Resolutions Early  Let’s look at some of the careers)Surviving the Holiday Season at WorkIf you’re more interested in getting through the next month or two at the job you already have, we’ve got you covered there, too. It can be a tough time of year, with everyone trying to wrap things up to get out the door for the holidays, or even just finding motivation to get through your to-do list while more tempting options beckon. We’ve got your survival guide to getting through the holiday season at work:3 Tips for Staying Focused at Work During the Holidays7 Ways to Close Out the Year with a BangAnd don’t forget that festive minefield, the company holiday party. If you want to keep your work rep intact, here’s what not to do:Don’t Be These 5 People at Your Office Holiday PartyOr you can opt out altogether, and skip the chaos in favor of your own private celebration (whatever that may be). We’ve got your excuses ready to go:5 Festive Ways to Avoid the Office Holiday PartyThere are many, many temptations floating around this time of year, and if you’re not careful, they can trick you into making poor decisions, or just plain ignoring your professional obligations or development. You don’t have to become the office Scrooge, but a little extra care and attention to your work right now can go a long way.How to Maximize Your Holiday BreakHow many times can one person watch It’s a Wonderful Life, anyway? You’ll likely have down time at some point during this holiday season, and while you can still make room for the fun or family-related things you want to do, you can also take some of that time to work on your career momentum.For example, reflecting on the year that just passed is a great time to reflect on what you want to do next. New career path? New job? Want to go for that promotion? While things are a bit slow at work, this is your chance to start formulating your battle plan for the new year. You don’t have to make any definitive decisions, but we’ve got you covered as you start to think about what New Year You will be doing to achieve your goals.What You Absolutely Need to Know About Changing Careers4 Ways You Can Use Your Holiday Break to Gear Up for the New Year10 Steps on How to Get Your Finances in OrderYou can also use your break to devote some time and energy to a side hustle or a business idea, if you’re not quite ready to make a career or job jump in the new year. If you have a side hustle in mind, great! You have some time to work on developing it. If you’re not sure yet what you can or want to do, then you have time to figure that out too while you’re tuning out Uncle Phil’s latest fishing story.The Side Hustle: How to Make Money on the Side7 Strategies for Your Side HustleDowntime doesn’t have to be lazy time- think of the break as an opportunity to devote mental space to things that might usually get crowded out by everyday work and routines.Don’t Forget to Keep Up Your Job Search MomentumIf you’re looking for a new job, you might think that there’s not much point to keeping it up over the holidays, when people are less likely to be hiring/in the office/etc. Not true! Even if HR departm ents are slowing down for the year end, or you’re not seeing as many openings, there are still plenty of things you can do to make sure your hunt doesn’t go colder than Minnesota in December.How to Handle Your Job Search Over the HolidaysEven if you do put our active job search on hold over the holidays, you can put in a little prep and thinking to get yourself ready to hit the ground running come January 1.5 Killer Job Search Tips for the New YearTop 7 Trends That Will Help You Find a Job Next YearAnd if nothing else, you can always work on your resume!Top 6 Resume Template ResourcesResume Format Guide: What Your Resume Should Look Like in 2017Top Resume Trends for 2017This is a great time of year to hunker down and perfect your application package for the new year. You can get your resume in tip-top shape, start thinking about those personal and professional anecdotes for interviews, and maybe even find some good holiday sales on a new interview outfit. You donâ€⠄¢t have to put your professional development on pause just because everyone else is starting to check out for the year.Start Your New Year’s Resolutions EarlyWhile many of us wait until the calendar has safely flipped over to the new year, there’s no reason you can’t start thinking about how you’ll ease back into the usual grind (or an improved one).5 Ways to Get Back on Track After the Holidays5 Ways to Jumpstart Your Career in the New Year5 Ways to Be Happier at Work in the New Year6 New Year’s Resolutions for the Lazy Professional7 Ways to Keep Your New Year’s Health Resolutions5 New Year’s Resolutions Mark Zuckerberg Made That Can Inspire YouThe more thought and energy you put into your new year now, the more likely you are to stick to your new and improved self after the holidays are but a distant memory.The holiday season isn’t usually thought of as a hotbed of career activity, but you have tons of ways to make the seaso n work for you and your productivity. After all, year-end fun and celebration are important, but soon enough we’ll all be facing the cold glare of January. And when that comes, you can feel like you’ve set yourself up nicely for the coming year.

Case St. Marks Hospital and Oscar Yanez Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

St. Marks Hospital and Oscar Yanez - Case Study Example The researcher states that the healthcare providers in the hospital have to live with the fact that they did not do as their mission statement stated that they would do as they were busy thinking of ways of saving their income. Although this kind of operation is meant to help the larger community get better basic healthcare services, mismanaging one of their patients does not justify their seemingly good intentions. In any case, the hospital’s mission does state that it will provide the best healthcare services to everyone. It does not single out the uninsured and unregistered immigrants as undeserving of quality medical care. Furthermore, in its bid to help Oscar get repatriated back to Mexico, the hospital failed to consider the welfare of the family considering that Oscar is the family’s sole breadwinner. Even though the hospital cares to ensure that Oscar is discharged without being submitted to immigration authorities, it is clear that the rest of the familyâ€℠¢s welfare is not taken into account. Therefore, the way Oscar was treated was hardly ethical. Once again considering the mission of the hospital, it is beyond doubt that its actions regarding the priorities it has set highly are clearly against its mission statement. The hospital mission states that the organization will provide quality and emergency care to all patients. Ignoring the care of patients in need of emergency care or making this objective secondary to the provision of services such as immunizations, prenatal care, and other community programs clearly goes against ethics and the hospital’s mission. The hospital is a legal organization has the responsibility to report the existence or presence of illegal immigrants to appropriate authorities. In this case, the hospital is legally required was supposed to report Oscar’s presence as an undocumented immigrant to immigration authorities.

What does Unconscionable Mean Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What does Unconscionable Mean - Term Paper Example To identify whether that a contract is unconscionable or not one must understand and analyze the questions of competency, fairness, and honesty. A competent person would never enter to an unconscionable contract. Generally, the level of competency hinges on the age of a person. For instance, an adolescent singer who signs a contract with a music executive who shows unfair favoritism towards the music company than the court can rule it as unconscionable contract due to the relative expertise and age of the music director. Questions of honesty are concerned with whether the facts of the contract have been truly represented or misrepresented by one of the parties. The Times Magazine of July 3, 1986 reports a case of frail old man aging 80 years who obtained relief after having agreed to sell his bungalow for  £2950 when the actual price should have been  £29,500. The contract was declared void and deemed an unconscionable contract. Adhesion contracts are also categorized as a form of unconscionable contract. In adhesion contracts, a contract is prepared by one party on a â€Å"take it or leave it† basis. An employee named Paul Mantor worked for circuit city during 90’s. In 1995, the company planned to enter into a contract with the employees regarding signing an agreement for an arbitration program to prevent the employees from filing lawsuits as they resulted in prohibitive litigation costs. The managers admonished the employees to sign the agreement or either be prepared for termination. Mantor resisted from signing the agreement in the first place but was forced to sign the agreement by 1998. When he was terminated in 2000, he filed a lawsuit at the trial level court where it was ruled that the problem should be solved through arbitration since he had signed the contract.

Comparison of Normal Saline and Heparin Flush

Comparison of Normal Saline and Heparin Flush Review of literature is an essential component of the research process. It aids the researcher in the formulation of the research plan or proposal and condition of the study. It aids in relating the outcomes of the study to the findings of other investigations Review of literature is defined as a critical summary of research on a topic of interest, often prepared to put a research problem in contest (Polit and Beck, 2006). The current study and review of various associated literature and review study, topics can divide as follows; Section A: Literature related to comparison of normal saline and heparin flush  to maintain the patency of intravenous line. Section B: Literature related to cost effectiveness of normal saline flush in  maintenance of peripheral intravenous catheter. Section C: Literature related to complications of using heparin solution for  maintaining patency. Section A: Literature Related to Comparison of Normal Saline and Heparin Flush to Maintain the Patency of Intravenous Line. Elsevier (2009) did a randomized double blind controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of normal saline versus heparin saline in maintaining the patency of intravenous catheter among 150 children of pediatric unit at United States. In that, Group I received normal saline flush (n=77) whereas Group II received heparin saline flush (n=73). The result showed that 72% of children were recovered from blockage during normal saline flush. Thus researcher concluded that the normal saline flush was effective in maintaining the patency of intravenous catheter. Klieiber (2008) conducted prospective, randomized double blind study to determine the efficacy of saline versus heparin flush to maintain the peripheral intravenous lock in pediatric populations among 140 children. The sample was selected randomly into two groups. Group I received normal saline flush whereas Group II children flushed with heparinized saline. The findings revealed that there was no significant difference between the groups in maintaining the patency of catheter and reduces incidence of complications. A randomized controlled double-blind trial was conducted by Esther Mok, Tany KWong (2007) for maintaining peripheral intravenous lock among 123 children of age from one to ten years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of three flush solutions: normal saline, one unit/ml of heparin saline and ten units/ml of heparin saline for maintaining peripheral intravenous locks in children, and to establish a research-based practice in the study hospital. Group I received one unit/ml of heparin saline, Group II received ten units/ml of heparin saline and Group III received normal saline. The group that received one ml of normal saline demonstrated the highest rate of survival and the mean length of catheter showed (49.8 hours) was seventeen hours longer than the group that received one unit/ml of heparin saline (32.5 hours). The result showed that there was no significant difference among the three types of flushing solution in terms of the catheter longevi ty and incidence of intravenous complications. A study was conducted by Visanu Thamlikitkul Artit Indranoi (2006) on switching from heparinized saline flush to normal saline flush for maintaining peripheral venous catheter patency in the patients hospitalized to medical ward at Sir raj Hospital, Thailand. The study sites were ten medical wards containing two hundred and forty beds. Group I received heparinized saline as a flushing agent whereas Group II received normal saline as a flushing agent. The information on using flush fluids was collected from the physicians order sheets in the medical records at baseline, every two to four weeks during the intervention periods, and at six months after launching intervention. The results showed that the children received heparinized saline flush in February 2005, switched on to a practice with normal saline flush in June and November 2005. Hence the researcher concluded that normal saline was effective and implemented as evidence based clinical practice. Janet Pettit (2003) performed a randomized double blind study to identify the efficacy of saline versus heparin flush to maintain the peripheral intravenous lock in pediatric populations among 124 infants over twenty eight days of age in pediatric ICU at Doctors Medical Centre, Modeto. The findings revealed that saline flush had longer period of patency. Thus the researcher concluded that saline was efficacious and safest flush in maintaining the peripheral intravenous catheter. Nelson (2002) conducted a randomized double blind study to assess the use of 0.9% normal saline flush with or without heparin for maintaining peripheral indwelling intermittent infusion devices among fifty eight children up to one year with twenty four gauge needle. Group I received ten units per ml of heparin solution (n=26) and Group II received 0.9% normal saline flush (n=32). The result showed that there was no significance between 0.9% normal saline flush with or without heparin solutions in maintaining patency of twenty four gauge peripheral intermittent intravenous devices in children younger than one year. Schultz, Drew Hewitt (2002) investigated a randomized double blind study on comparison of normal saline and heparinized saline flushes for patency of intravenous locks among forty nine neonates at Maine Medical Center, Portland. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of patency of intravenous locks maintained with normal saline solution compared with heparinized saline solution. Group I received 0.5 ml of heparinized saline flush containing two units/ml of heparin (n=20) whereas Group II received 0.5 ml of normal saline flush (n=29). There were no significant difference (p =0.841) between mean scores for heparin flushed catheters (M = 41.5 hours, SD = 44.0) and saline-flushed catheters (M = 30.4 hours, SD = 20.8). The researcher concluded that catheter failure was significantly longer for catheters flushed with heparinized saline compared with those flushed with normal saline. A study was conducted by Harahan Berends (2000) to evaluate the efficacy of saline versus ten units/ml heparin for peripheral intravenous flushes among 240 neonates of Special Care Nurseries at a Level III Large Mid Western University Teaching Hospital. Here an experimental group design was used to compare the longevity of heparin and saline intravenous locks. Data were collected from a convenient sampling technique. Group I received ten units per ml of heparin (n=123) whereas Group II received preservative-free normal saline solution (n=117). The result showed that there was no significant statistical difference in intravenous catheter longevity between intravenous locks flushed with ten units/ml heparin and those flushed with normal saline. Krista Brown, Tay-Uyboco Douglas McMillan (1999) did a randomized controlled trial to determine the relative efficacy and safety of peripheral intravenous locks maintained with heparin saline solutions compared with those maintained with normal saline among 186 neonates at Foot Hills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta. Group I received normal saline (n=93) whereas Group II received heparin saline (n=93). Patients were chosen to receive either heparinized saline with five units/ml or 0.3 ml of normal saline, in the intravenous catheter every six hourly, administered by nursing staff in a blinded manner. The result showed that there was no difference in catheter lifespan (39 ±24 hour for the heparinized saline group; 34 ±22 hour for the normal saline group) and no difference in the number of intravenous catheters per patient (1.9 heparinized group, 1.6 normal saline group). The researcher concluded that there was no difference between heparinized normal saline and normal saline flush in neonates in maintaining the patency of twenty four gauge peripheral intravenous locks. Heilskov, Kleiber Johnson (1998) did a randomized double blind controlled 3-arm trial of heparin and saline for maintaining intravenous locks among ninety neonates at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of saline, heparin two units (U) per ml saline, and heparin ten units per ml saline flush solutions on the duration of intravenous locks and the incidence of intravenous infiltration in neonates. Group I received heparin two units/ml saline (n=27), Group II received heparin ten units/ml saline flush (n=28) and Group III received normal saline (n=25). Catheter flushed at least every six hourly. The outcome measures total hours from the time the intravenous was inserted to the time the intravenous was removed; hours from the time the intravenous was first flushed to the time the intravenous was removed; number of intravenous removed because of infiltration. The result showed that there was no statistical or clinical dif ference between the three groups for duration of intravenous therapy or for incidence of complications. Bridget Mudge, Dion Forcsier Mary Jo Slattery (1998) conducted a comparative study on heparin and saline flush solutions regarding patency of 24-gauge peripheral intermittent infusion devices. A prospective, non-randomized, sequential, blinded study design was conducted on a pediatric and a neonatal were similar for age, peripheral intermittent intravenous devices (PIID) placement site, irritating substances infused, and initial IV function. The median duration of catheters flushed with normal saline was 42 hours and with heparin was 35.3 hours. Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis indicated that the duration of catheters flushed with saline was significantly longer than those flushed with heparin (p = .02). More catheters flushed with heparin were removed because of problems (p = .027). Results of this study suggested that normal saline was more effective than heparin in maintaining the patency of small, 24-gauge catheter. Kotter (1996) conducted a randomized double blind study on heparin versus saline to maintain the patency of intermittent intravenous device maintenance among fifty one neonates including premature neonates, less than one month of age admitted to a Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Group I received ten units/ml heparin (n=27), whereas Group II received normal saline flush (n=24). Catheter was flushed every fourth hourly with heparin or normal saline solutions. The researcher concluded that there was no statistically significant difference in average duration of patency between normal saline-flushed catheters and heparinized saline-flushed catheters. Phlebitis, occlusion, infiltration, and leaking occurred with equal frequency for both solutions. Kulkarni, Elsner, Ouellet Zeldin (1994) investigated a randomized double blind study on heparinized saline versus normal saline in maintaining patency of the radial artery catheter among seventy eight adults in the surgical intensive care unit of Toronto East General Orthopedic Hospital. The objective of the study was to compare the ability of normal saline versus heparinized saline infusion to maintain patency of the radial artery catheter used for monitoring blood pressure or multiple blood sampling. Group I (n=40) patients those who were admitted on odd numbered dates received heparinized saline two units per ml and Group II (n=38) admitted on even dates received normal saline, both as continuous flush solutions. At 96 hours of cannulation, 92% of the catheters in the heparinized saline group were patent compared with 74% in the normal saline group. The result showed that there was no significant difference between flushing with normal saline and heparinized saline in the mainte nance of radial arterial line patency. A comparative randomized controlled trial was conducted by Robertson (1994) on the intermittent intravenous therapy to determine whether heparinized saline solution was a superior flushing agent to normal saline among152 children between the ages of two months to eighteen years. Group I were allocated with heparinized saline as a flushing agent, and Group II were allocated with normal saline as a flushing agent. Each day intravenous sites were examined for signs of phlebitis and on removal of each cannula was flushed to check for fibrin. On Chi-square testing, highly significant associations emerged between the incidence of phlebitis and the use of the intravenous antibiotics such as Tobramycin (p=0.05) andor Timentin (p=0.008). Young children were found to have a significantly higher incidence of blocked cannulae regardless of the flushing solution used. The researcher concluded that there was no significant difference detected in either the duration of intravenous therapy, the pate ncy of the intravenous line or the incidence of phlebitis when normal saline was used to flush the intravenous cannula. Kleiber, Harahan, Fagan Zittergruen (1993) conducted a double-blind study to determine the efficacy of saline versus heparin flush solution to maintain peripheral intravenous locks in a pediatric population among 124 infants over twenty eight days of age. Group I received normal saline as a flushing agent, whereas Group II received normal saline with heparin as a flushing agent. The result revealed that the heparin and saline groups were comparable for total hour duration of the intravenous and for incidence of complications. Hence the researcher concluded that saline was efficacious in maintaining patency of intermittent intravenous peripheral intravenous locks in children. A comparative study was conducted by Rob, Kelly Trish (1992) on normal saline or heparinized saline flushing on function of arterial lines among sixty-five patients in most New Zealand intensive care units. Group I received normal saline (n=35) where as Group II received three ml/hour as a continuous flush. The scores for the intravascular line for each patient were summed, and the percentage of the total possible score was calculated. Mean study duration was 5.8 and 6.6 days for the normal saline and heparinized saline groups, respectively. Mean percentage scores were 83% with normal saline group and 82% with heparinized saline group. The statistical findings showed that there was no difference between the groups at 95% confidence interval. Thus researcher concluded that heparin as a continuous flush at three units/hour does not improve the function of arterial lines compared with a continuous normal-saline flush. A quasi-experimental study was conducted by Tuten Gueldner (1991) on the efficacy of normal saline versus diluted heparin for maintaining the patency of peripheral intermittent intravenous devices in hospitalized medical-surgical patients among seventy seven children. Group I received normal saline solution, whereas Group II received diluted heparin. The statistical findings revealed that there were no incidence of site loss due to coagulation in either group, moreover no significant difference in the incidence of site loss associated with phlebitis (p=0.708) or infiltration (p=0.910). The researcher concluded that normal saline may be an effective alternative to heparin, for maintaining the patency of peripheral intermittent intravenous devices. Ashton, Gibson Summers (1990) conducted a randomized double-blind study on the effects of heparin versus saline solution on intermittent infusion device irrigation at Shawnee Mission Medical Center among thirty two patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of one ml of 0.9% normal saline with ten units of heparin in one ml normal saline solution, in maintaining patency and reducing the incidence of phlebitis in patients with intermittent infusion devices. The statistical findings revealed that there was no significant difference between the groups in phlebitis or patency variables. The researcher suggested that 0.9% normal saline was as effective as ten units per ml of heparin in normal saline solution in maintaining intermittent infusion device patency and preventing phlebitis. Hamilton, Plis, Clay Sylvan (1988) conducted a randomized double-blind study on heparin saline versus 0.9% normal saline injection for maintaining patency of indwelling intermittent infusion devices in the Department of Pharmacy practice, Albany College among 307 adult patients. Group I received one ml of heparin saline as a flushing solution (n=170), whereas Group II received 0.9% normal saline flush solution (n=137). The result revealed that heparin offers no advantage over 0.9% normal saline injection in maintaining the patency of intermittent intravenous devices. The researcher concluded that there was no significant difference in the duration of catheter patency or incidence of phlebitis was observed between the groups. Epperson (1984) did a randomized study on the efficacy of 0.9% normal saline with and without heparin for maintaining indwelling intermittent injection sites in the medical and surgical units of an acute-care hospital among 412 patients. Three different solutions were used to flush intravenous catheters. Group I were flushed with 0.9% normal saline alone, Group II were flushed with heparin 10 units/ml in 0.9% normal saline and group III were flushed with heparin 100 units/ml in 0.9% normal saline. Heparin locks were flushed after each medication administration and every eight hours when medications were not being given. Using a standardized evaluation form, one of five intravenous therapists evaluated each site daily for the presence of phlebitis and loss of patency. Length of catheter placement and the percentage of patient days during which patients received cephalosporin and penicillin antibiotics were examined for each group. Rates of site loss caused by phlebitis or loss of pate ncy were compared in each group. The result showed that there was no significant differences were found among the three groups in the mean duration of heparin-lock placement, the percentage of patient days during which antibiotics were prescribed, or the rate of site loss caused by phlebitis or loss of patency. Section B: Literature Related to Cost Effectiveness of Normal Saline in Maintenance of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter. Hephzibah Alexander (International Journal for the Advancement of Science Arts, 2010) conducted a systematic review of the study on heparin versus normal saline as a flush solution. The electronic database of Ovid, Pub-Med, the Cochrane Library and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) was searched for heparin or normal saline (either singly or in combinations). Relevant studies were critically appraised and evidence obtained was graded according to the modified Catalan Agency for Health Technology Assessment scale (CAHTA). In terms of safety, the findings indicate that it might be safer to use normal saline as it does not have the risks associated with heparin. Cost analysis studies proved that without any doubt the use of normal saline flush results in a significant amount of cost savings. For arterial catheters, majority of the available data suggest that heparin saline given as a continuous flush at low doses improved catheter patency. The result of the study reveal ed that normal saline should be used as an alternative to heparin in intravenous catheters. Low-dose heparin with 0.25 units per ml normal saline should be added to the infuscate to maintain patency of arterial catheters. The researcher concluded that heparin as an intermittent flush was ineffective and normal saline was just as effective as and more efficacious than heparin. Karen Le Duce (1997) investigated a prospective, randomized, double blind controlled trial on the efficacy of normal saline solution versus heparin solution for maintaining patency of peripheral intravenous catheters in children at the emergency department of childrens hospital, USA among 150 children. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of heparin flush and saline solution flush solutions in maintaining patency of infusion devices in the pediatric population, and to establish cost-saving implications related to normal saline solution versus heparin flush for PIIDs in terms of pharmacy costs and costs related to nursing time to both procedures. Group I (n = 77) received 3 ml of a ten units heparin/ml normal saline solution intravenous flush whereas Group II (n = 73) received three ml of normal saline solution for the intravenous flush. Descriptive and correlation statistics were used to analyze the data. The result showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups for demographics or complications. Annual cost savings were computed with an estimated annual savings of nursing time and unit cost of solutions equaling $27,594. The researcher concluded that the normal saline solution should be used as an alternative to heparin solutions for the maintenance of peripheral intravenous devices. Jerri Shoaf Sandra Oliver (1997) did a study on the efficacy of normal saline with and without heparin for maintaining intermittent intravenous site in the coronary care unit of Scott and White Memorial Hospital among two hundred and sixty surgical patients. Group I received normal saline with heparin as a flushing agent, whereas Group II received normal saline without heparin as a flushing agent. The researcher concluded that heparinized saline was not needed to maintain the patency of an intermittent intravenous site, and the use of saline solution alone was less irritating, causes less occurrence of phlebitis, less expensive to patients, and saves nursing time. A randomized comparative study conducted by Paisley et al (1997) on the use of heparin and normal saline flushes in neonatal intravenous catheters among eighty seven preterm and term infants ranging from 33 weeks to 44 weeks of gestation in the University of Missouri-Columbia Childrens Hospital. Data were collected between February 1994 and March 1995. The majority of infants were thirty eight to forty weeks gestation (M = 38.46 weeks, S.D. = 2.48). Group I (n=33) infants received 0.6 ml of heparin solution containing 10 units/ml of heparin and Group II (n=54) received 0.6 ml of normal saline as flushing agent. The frequency of flush was 0.6 ml flush every fourth hourly. The researcher concluded that the normal saline was much cheaper than heparin. Nursing time was saved using a single solution and physician spends time in writing order was saved by standing orders. If only normal saline was used, the chance for error, over dosage, heparin-associated drug incompatibilities and hepari n induced thrombocytopenia would be eliminated. Section C: Literature Related To Complications Of Using Heparin Solution For Maintaining Patency. Mitchell et al (2009) conducted a study on a systematic review of heparin flushing and other interventions to maintain patency of central venous catheters. The objective of this study was to assess clinical studies comparing the effectiveness of different means of maintaining central venous catheter patency. A search was conducted using the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane, National Guideline Clearinghouse and University Health System Consortium databases. The method was a systematic review of effectiveness using grade criteria to assess the strength of evidence for each intervention. Flushing with heparin was a routine part of central venous catheter maintenance, but it presents risk, including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Other techniques used to prevent occlusion of catheters include saline flushes, heparin-bonded catheters and pressure caps. The result showed that flushing catheters with saline solution was more effective than flushing with heparin. A study was conducted by Stephens et al (1997) on normal saline versus heparin flush for maintaining central venous catheter patency during aphaeresis collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCS) among seventy eight cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of thrombotic occlusions in central venous catheters using heparin compared to saline flushing. Group I (n=29) received saline flushes and Group II (n=49) received heparin with 100 units per ml of saline flushes. Numerous studies comparing heparin to saline flushing in peripheral devices suggested equal rates of thrombotic occlusions. The outcome of the study suggested that serious complications including drug interactions and heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome in association with heparin flushing. The researcher concluded that saline was as effective as heparin for maintaining patency of central venous catheters. Triolo, Pamela Goode (1991) conducted a study on meta-analysis to estimate the effects of heparin flush and saline flush solutions on maintaining patency, preventing phlebitis, and increasing duration in peripheral heparin locks. The researcher concluded that saline was as effective as heparin in maintaining patency, preventing phlebitis, and increasing duration in peripheral intravenous locks. Quality of care can be enhanced by using saline as the flush solution, thereby eliminating problems associated with anticoagulant effects and drug incompatibilities. In addition, an estimated yearly savings of $109,100,000 to $218,200,000 U.S. health care dollars could be attained. Barrett Lester (1990) did a double-blinded, cross-over study on heparin versus saline flushing solutions for a period of two months in a small community hospital at Aroostook Medical Centre, Presque Isle. Floor nurses were used as observers and observe catheter failures, as either loss of patency or phlebitis. Data revealed a statistically significant advantage to using saline flushes when both loss of patency and phlebitis were combined (p

Telling the Partial Truth: Ethical or Unethical?

Telling the Partial Truth: Ethical or Unethical? Guan Huang 250547949 D. Proessel Philosophy 2074G March 27th, 2013 The article Advertising: The Whole or Only Some of the Truth by Tibor R. Machan states that only telling the partial truth is ethical in advertising. I completely agree with the author’s standpoint and am trying to defend his viewpoints by supporting in four aspects. Firstly, I am going to prove Machan’s position that sales associates are selling a combination of product, environment and service.Although there will be various prices for the same product at different stores essay writer australia, sales associates are not obligated to provide all of the locations that sell the product, and the price of said product at each location. Second, I am going to defend Machan’s position towards consumer beware. Thirdly, I will argue against potential criticism by strongly supporting Machan’s position— commercial advertising should be forgiven f or putting one’s best foot forward.Finally, I will highlight the definition of essential truth versus the whole truth to support Machan’s point that failing to tell the whole truth is ethical with some boundaries. In Leiser’s argument, suppression veri is unethical because the salesperson may use the technique of price deception, which is concealing the fact that their product can be purchased at a far lower price elsewhere. As Machan says, â€Å"it is legitimate for customers to seek satisfaction from the market, we must keep in mind that customers often seek various combinations of satisfaction, not simply product or price satisfaction† (Machan 586).Machan claims that when a customer is buying a product, he or she is not just looking for the product itself and the price. He or she also adds many other factors such as certain location of the store, customer service during the purchase, and store environment into consideration. These various combinations of satisfactions cannot be ignored. Buying a cup of Starbucks coffee in the Starbucks coffee shop compared to purchasing a bottle of Starbucks coffee in the grocery store can be a good example.The Starbucks shops don't just sell coffee; they sell an atmosphere (Daniel R. ). People go to Starbucks usually not for just a cup of coffee, but the combination of product including relaxing atmosphere in Starbucks store, the friendly service they provide, other Starbucks products that could be also bought etc. But purchasing at a supermarket also can be seen as a combination that includes self-service, a package of Starbucks in bulk, and convenience. The combinations are simply valued differently, and thus are priced differently.As a result, this proves Machan’s position that sales person is selling the combination of the product and that price deception proposed by Leiser is inconsistent. After proving a classical form of egoism as the most appropriate method to morally guide busine ss conduct, Machan holds the position that to promote one’s rational self-interest, â€Å"a merchant could be acting with perfect moral propriety in not offering help to a customer with the task of information gathering† (Machan 588). Thus, it is morally correct to answer only part of a question, or even deflect a question from a customer to avoid lying to them.As long as the merchant does not lie, it is perfectly ethical to communicate to the customers with a sole goal of selling the product (not caring for the customers’ personal interest). Buyers should take the responsibility to gather information. For example, McDonald’s posts all of the nutritional information of their foods on the company’s website. It is the customers’ personal responsibility to go on the website to find the information, and not the servers’ responsibility to inform the customers of the caloric or sodium content while placing the order.Machan’s position here is that information is available (through various forms communication) and the customer must not rely on the merchant to receive this, but take a proactive role while deciding on their purchases. Machan holds the position that commercial advertising should be forgiven for putting one’s best foot forward. To prove this, he demonstrated that even apart from advertising, people often enough advance a biased perspective on themselves, their skills, looks, and so on (Machan 585) first by using the example of CV and dating to show how people give others an overstated first mpression. Then by claiming commercial relationships usually take place between strangers (Mahan 589), he finally reaches his position. In his example, people will highlight his/her advantages and try to diminish his/her disadvantage as much as possible when going to a date or sending a resume to a potential company he/she may work for. At this point, the potential criticism may claim that it’s a fal se analogy by comparing commercial advertising as going on date or sending a CV. People show their best image on a date or people listing all their asset in a resume is their private business.It is their own interest to do so. But in terms of commercial advertising, advertiser is in his or her public life. There is no difference between an advertiser and a doctor or journalist in some ways. Advertisers should take some responsibility to play as a public role, thus to give some probable benefits for people on the other side. With this false analogy (Exhibit 1) the potential criticism may claim that Machan’s position that commercial advertising should be forgiven for putting one’s best foot forward is less convincing. I will argue against this potential criticism in support of Machan’s position.To begin with, the potential criticism commits a classic problem of causal oversimplification. The line of reasoning here is that because advertiser should take some respon sibility to play as a public role, so he or she has the obligation to give some benefit for people on the other side. This argument is solely based the altruism school of thought. However, the potential criticism has not indicated any other schools of thought in which the argument could be plausible, but only with basis of altruism can this line of reasoning (where helping each other is key) be applied (Exhibit 2).However, as Machan argued in his paper, only the most robust form of altruism, a form where â€Å"none is left to be the beneficiary of human action, can be a candidate for the morality to guild merchant† (Machan 588). In reality, the robust form of altruism is too extreme to be possible in society which proves that the possible opposing view is incorrect. The potential criticism also argues that the example of a date and CV is a false analogy to commercial advertising since private issues are different from public issue. Let’s consider what would happen if a rather lazy person pplied for a company with a well-written resume or if a very sloppy man was given a makeover and then goes on a date. With these enhancements, the rather lazy person has a possibility of being hired by the company, and the rather sloppy man could get a second date. Thus, the company and the girl may be harmed from people’s putting best foot forward in private issue situation. The company could have a bad employee (laziness) and the girl may realize that what seemed like a well-groomed man is actually not and that she has wasted her time.As customers can also suffer from sellers putting their best foot forward, we find that in terms of result, there is no difference between private issues and public issues. So we do not need to focus on whether or not the issue is personal or public. The answer seems to be straightforward: the example of date and CV can be seen as a good analogy to commercial advertising and those examples can be used to reach Machanâ€℠¢s position— commercial advertising should be forgiven for putting one’s best foot forward.Machan also holds the position that from a robust or classical ethical egoist standpoint, â€Å"the [essential truths] about an item or service being traded should be told† (Machan 591). Essential truths can be further thought of as information regarding the function of product when utilized under normal circumstances. So when a customer buys an air conditioner, it is expected that it will keep a room cool in the summer. This is different from the whole truth, since failing to tell the essential truth will violate the principle of an honest transaction, which is more important to oneself than competitive advantage (Machan 589).For a merchant, the truth should not be concealed just to obtain the competitive advantage. On the other hand, the whole truth also includes the information regarding what is incidental or merely closely associated with the essential truths about a p roduct. This information is not important and it’s truly not possible to tell all. Machan holds the position that essential truth should be told, but not the whole truth. Many examples can be found in the real world can be used to support Machan’s position. In the pharmaceutical industry, companies must list all the functions as well as side effects of the drug on the package.This information is essential because when we buy medicine, we must know what the function of the medicine is, and whether or not it is safe to take in our situation. Many drugs are not safe for pregnant women to take, and they must be informed of it. This would be essential information that must be given, whereas other locations where the same drug is available is not essential information about the product and can be kept to the seller. As I proved above, only telling the partial truth is ethical in commercial advertising.Merchants sell metaphorical package of goods when selling a single product , because they are also selling the store’s environment, and their service in addition to the product. Customers are all different, and some may place higher value in location of the store or attitude of the salesperson than price, so when the sales associate fails to speak of other locations selling at a lower price, this is not price deception. Different stores may have different combinations of satisfaction, and thus it is completely ethical to avoid presenting information about other stores.It is important for merchants to always put their best foot forward and present only the most valuable aspects of their product. There is no need to provide the customers with more information than they need, as buyer beware is a very realistic aspect of our world. We cannot provide all the information for everything we are telling others about, so customers should have the initiative to do adequate research before deciding on a purchase. Merchants are only obligated to provide the mos t essential information needed about the product.Thus, when advertising, it is completely unnecessary for merchants to tell the customers everything about the product. As long as the merchants are not lying to the customers, telling partial truths about products is a very ethical form of advertisement. Exhibit 1 Public Life Public Life Private Life Private Life Doctor or journalist Doctor or journalist Commercial advertising Commercial advertising Not a good reason to prove Not a good reason to prove Sending a CV Sending a CV Going on a date Going on a date Exhibit 2 Altruism AltruismHe/she should give some benefit for people on the other side He/she should give some benefit for people on the other side Advertiser should take some responsibility to play as a public role Advertiser should take some responsibility to play as a public role Work cited Tibor R. Machan. â€Å"Advertising: The Whole Truth or Only Some of the Truth?. † Allooff and Vaidya 584-592. Fritz Allooff and An and J. Vaidya. Ed. Business in Ethical Focus an Anthology. Canada: Broadview, 2008. Print. â€Å"The Starbucks Culture† Daniel Rein. Web Feb, 10, 2007

Communication And How It Affects Nursing As A Profession

Communication is central to human interaction and occurs planned or unplanned on a daily basis. Using verbal, nonverbal, written, or unwritten communication are methods in which information, a person’s thoughts, and feelings are shared. To become an ultimate professional in a field, such as nursing, it is vital to be able to communicate well with peers and clients. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the pros and cons, societal issues, promotion of change, and other pertinent issues that relates to communication and how it affects nursing as a profession. Communication is the foundation of how humans are able to interact amongst each other with the goal of conveying a message. Goals of communication include: informing, educating, influencing, and building relationships. To communicate efficiently there is a process to be followed. When communicating there needs to be a sender, this is the person wanting to transmit a message. The message, includes the information that needs to be transmitted. There is a channel, by which the message is conveyed. The receiver, who receives and interprets the message, and the receiver’s response. Lastly, the message needs to be clear, and the verbal and nonverbal message should be congruent (Blais and Hayes, 2011). Undoubtedly, in a healthcare setting, communication is an important issue since lives are on the line. As nurses that work to treat patients with different diagnoses it is important to have an open line of communication.Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Professionalism Within The Nursing Field889 Words   |  4 Pagespaper is aimed towards the importance of professionalism within the nursing field. Nursing professionalism should be demonstrated inside and outside of the work area, such as: the nurses’ appearance, during patient interactions, interaction with other health care providers, and anytime you are representing the health care facility. 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Pain Management As An Essential Part Of Nursing - 1583 Words

Pain management is an essential part of nursing, but it can be challenging when the patients can no longer express their needs. I became aware of this challenge throughout my experience in both clinical and work. During my first clinical rotation, I was assigned to a patient who had severe dementia and could no longer communicate. While providing care to this patient, it was evident that the patient was irritated because she would grimace and sometimes cry out, but it was difficult to determine if the patient was in pain or where the pain was located. While working as a CNA in a nursing home, there were multiple instances when the residents would grimace and pull away when touched, especially during their morning care. The behavior changes were reported to the nurses, but it was never certain if the nurses intervened and properly managed the distress. 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